Originally Posted by
gasmitty
First off, welcome! Lots of good info to be had here, and lots of good people.
The standard advice to someone starting out with handgunning, especially with defensive use in mind, is to try a number of guns before you buy. Go to different gun stores and ranges, leave the checkbook and credit cards behind, and handle the hardware. Once you narrow down your choices, then try to find a range that has one you can rent, or a friend who'll let you shoot his.
Your price range is adequate, but I'd like to steer you away from a subcompact gun if possible. Snubbies or small autos, it doesn't matter - they are difficult to shoot well, even for experienced pistoleros. That's not a show-stopper, just something to consider... a mid-sized gun (e.g., Glock 19) allows you to get a full grip on it, and the greater length and weight compared to the subcompacts helps keep recoil under control.
Caliber? I'm a .45 fan since that's where I started out, but my advice for new handgunners is a 9mm. The variety of ammo today is impressive and there are plenty of good defensive rounds available. Cost is about the lowest of all common centerfire defensive calibers, and recoil is also at the low end of the scale. Since where the bullet strikes (shot placement) is more critical than the diameter of the hole it makes, 9mm makes more sense from the point of getting you, the shooter, competent faster then if you start off with a bigger boomer. Again, no absolutes here, just guidance based on experience and a dose of opinion.
I would keep used guns in mind for your first purchase. Lots of good guns which are either safe queens or carried more than shot end up in dealers' the used gun cases. You might find a gently-used Glock, XD or M&P that fits your hand and your budget, leaving you with spare change for ammo and a good holster.
And keep asking good questions!