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Your question bears upon what is known in exterior ballistics as "sectional density". For the lay person, SD is a mathematical formula deriving a specific number that is generally used to equate that bullets ability to penetrate through a given medium. This formula is based on mass and the bullets cross-sectional area.
It is calculated with this formula:
Sectional Density =(Bullet wt. in grains)
7000 x ((bullet dia. In inches) x (bullet dia. In inches))
e.g. a 30 caliber bullet weighing 165 gr.
165gr / 7000 x ((.308 x .308)) = 165 / 664.048 = .248
This formula is based on mass and the bullets cross-sectional area. It does not take into account the shape of the bullet, the materials the bullet is made from, the construction of the bullet nor the velocity that this bullet will traveling on contacting your intended target. Thus any bullet with the same weight and diameter will have the same Sectional Density.
What you're looking for is increased sectional density with about the same bearing surface as lighter weight projectiles. As HotGuns has said, it's already been done with the 147 gr. 9X19mm bullet.
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