Most ammo companies will test their product in a way that makes it look good. Often times, this means firing a round into a bare gel block and looking at the temporary stretch cavity, as this can make a round look more lethal than it really is, which sells the product. No matter what, the company will find a silver lining to sell their product; even if the product is complete gerbage, they will make it appealing. However, the major SD ammo companies (Federal, Speer, Winchester, Remington) use the FBI ballistic test to gauge the effectiveness of their ammo. Bullets must pass through bare gelatin, denim, plywood, wall board, auto glass, and sheet metal. They must pass through each barrier, penetrate 12-18", expand at least 1.5x, and retain a certain percentage of its original weight (I don't remember the exact percentage) in order to pass. It is important to remember that just because ammunition may be labelled for self defense, it is not guaranteed to have passed the FBI test. I recommend sticking to proven loads such as Federal HST, Speer Gold Dot, Winchester PDX1, or Remington HTP as these loads have not only prooven themselves in the lab but on the streets as well.