Actually, the Second Amendment does specify training. Here is the text itself.
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.Right. It doesn't say the people are the militia, but rather by keeping and bearing arms, they ensure the militia is and remains well-regulated.
Well regulated means to function flawlessly and with training to make it in perfect working order. To be able to have the people well regulated requires training. The Second Amendment goes hand in hand with Article 1 Section 8 Clause 16.Again, the people and the militia are two separate entities. Militias are a function of the government. The government is a function of the people.
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
Disciplining the militia means to set down the standards of training. Here is the definition of disciplining from Webster's 1828 Dictionary which is the closest dictionary to how the founding fathers used the word.
DISCIPLINING, pp. Instructing; educating; subjecting to order and subordination; correcting; chastising; admonishing; punishing.
The Bill of Rights applies only to the federal government, but not the state governments. Nowhere in the Constitution are states granted the authority to abrogate that which is guaranteed to the people in the Bill of Rights. The states are able to govern themselves as they see fit, but are required to provide for training of the militia. Nothing I've said is contradictory to the strict interpretation of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
EDIT: For clarity here is the definition of Discipline from Webster's 1828 dictionary.
DISCIPLINE, n. [L., to learn.]
1. Education; instruction; cultivation and improvement, comprehending instruction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and manners, and due subordination to authority.
2. Instruction and government, comprehending the communication of knowledge and the regulation of practice; as military discipline, which includes instruction in manual exercise, evolutions and subordination.
3. Rule of government; method of regulating principles and practice; as the discipline prescribed for the church.
4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or regulations; as, the troops are under excellent discipline; the passions should be kept under strict discipline.
5. Correction; chastisement; punishment intended to correct crimes or errors; as the discipline of the strap.
6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is governed, and infliction of the penalties enjoined against offenders, who profess the religion of Jesus Christ.
7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflicted on a delinquent in the Romish Church; or that chastisement or external mortification which a religious person inflicts on himself.
In the case of the Second Amendment and Article 1 Section 8 Clause 16 the correct definition of discipline is 2 & 4 since they relate to the militia.The Second Amendment deals with a right guaranteed to the people, as do the other nine amendments in the Bill of Rights.